References

Thunderstorm Auto Nowcasting References

The Auto-Nowcast Environment is a product of the following body of research:

• Bankert, R.L., 1994: Cloud classification of AVHRR imagery in maritime regions using a probabilistic neural network. J. Appl. Met., 33 (8), 909-918.
• Dixon, M., and G. Wiener, 1993: TITAN: Thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis and nowcasting - a radar-based methodology. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 10 (6), 785-797.
• Knight, C.A., and L.J. Miller, 1993: First radar echoes from cumulus clouds. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 74 (2), 179-188.
• Mueller, C.K., J.W. Wilson and N.A. Crook, 1993: Utility of soundings and mesonets to forecast thunderstorm initiation. Weather and Forecasting, 8 (1), 132-146.
• Purdom, J.F.W.: Subjective interpretations of geostationary satellite data for nowcasting. Nowcasting, K. Browning, Editor, Academic Press, 149-166.
• Tuttle, J.D., and G. Brant Foote, 1990: Determination of the Boundary Layer Airflow from a Single Doppler Radar. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 7 (2), 218-232.
• Crook, N.A., and J.D. Tuttle: Short-term Forecasting of Summer Precipitation using Echo Extrapolation, Storm Characteristics and Model Output.
• Crook, N.A., and J. Sun: Forecasting Storm Growth and Decay using Low-level Radar Data and the Adjoint Method.
• Crook, A., 1994: Numerical simulations initialized with radar-derived winds. Part I: Simulated Data Experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122 (6), 1189-1203.
• Crook, A. and J. D. Tuttle, 1994: Numerical simulations initialized with radar-derived winds. Part II: Forecasts of three gust-front cases. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1204-1217.

Additional related research includes:

• Delanoy, R. L. and S. W. Troxel, 1993: A machine intelligent gust front algorithm for Doppler weather radars. Preprints, Fifth International Conference on Aviation Weather Systems, Vienna, VA.
• Gould, K., C. K. Mueller and J. W. Wilson, 1993: Rules for short-term forecast of thunderstorm initiation and evolution: procedures and automation. Preprints, 13th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting including Symposium on Flash Floods, Vienna, VA.
• Henry, S. G., C. Mueller and J. W. Wilson, 1996: Base-line statistical evaluation of the automated thunderstorm nowcaster. Preprints, 15th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Norfolk, VA.
• Henry, S.G. and J.W. Wilson, 1995: The automatic thunderstorm nowcasting system. Preprints, 27th Conference on Radar Meteorology, Vail, CO.
• Henry, S. G., 1995: Evaluation of automated, short-term, thunderstorm forecast rules. Preprints, 6th Conference on Aviation Weather Systems, Dallas, TX.
• Henry, S. G. and J. W. Wilson, 1993: Developing thunderstorm forecast rules utilizing first detectable cloud radar-echoes. Preprints, 5th International Conference on Aviation Weather Systems, Vienna, VA.
• Henry, S. G., 1993: Analysis of thunderstorm lifetime as a function of size and intensity. Preprints, 26th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK.
• Nelson, E., W. Deierling and C. Kessinger, 2009: Utility of total lightning measurements for very short term forecasts of convection growth and decay at White Sands Missile Range. 4th Conference on the Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Phoenix, AZ, 12-15 January 2009.
• Mueller, C. K., S. G. Henry, et.al., 1997: The Memphis ITWS convective forecasting collaborative demonstration. Preprints, 7th Conference on Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology, Long Beach, CA.
• Mueller, C., T. Saxen, R. Roberts, J. Wilson, T. Betancourt, S. Dettling, N. Oien, and J. Yee, 1993: NCAR Auto-Nowcast System. Weather and Forecasting, 18 (4), 545-561.
• Rinehart, R. E., 1979: Internal storm motions from a single non-Doppler weather radar. NCAR/TN-146+STR, 262 pp.
• Saxen, T.R., C.K. Mueller, T.T. Warner, M. Steiner, E.E. Ellison, E.W. Hatfield, T.L. Betancourt, S.M. Dettling, and N.A. Oien, 2008: The Operational Mesogamma-Scale Analysis and Forecast System of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part IV: The White Sands Missile Range Auto-Nowcast System. J. Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47 (4), 1123-1139.
• Sun, J., and N. Andrew Crook, 1997: Dynamical and Microphysical Retrieval from Doppler Radar Observations Using a Cloud Model and Its Adjoint. Part I: Model Development and Simulated Data Experiments. J. Atmospheric Sciences, 54 (12), 1642-1661.
• Sun, J., and N. Andrew Crook, 1998: Dynamical and Microphysical Retrieval from Doppler Radar Observations Using a Cloud Model and Its Adjoint. Part II: Retrieval Experiments of an Observed Florida Convective Storm. J. Atmospheric Sciences, 55 (5), 835-852.
• Wilson, J. W., and C. K. Mueller, 1993: Nowcast of thunderstorm initiation and evolution. Weather and Forecasting, 8, 113-131.
• Wilson, J. W., and W. E. Schreiber, 1986: Initiation of convective storms by radar-observed boundary layer convergence lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2516-2536.